{
 "schema": 2,
 "id": "colosseum",
 "number": 4,
 "title": "The Colosseum",
 "era": "Rome, 80 AD",
 "subtitle": "Rome's great arena cut open, from the awning ropes on its rim to the cages and lifts hidden under the sand.",
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   "id": "colossus",
   "n": 1,
   "title": "The Colossus",
   "short": "Colossus",
   "dek": "A giant gold statue out front",
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   "facts": [
    "Out front, a giant gold statue stands on a tall plinth, with crowds streaming past it toward the arches.",
    "It stands for the Colossus, a bronze statue about 30 metres tall, first made to show the emperor Nero.",
    "The Colosseum probably got its name from it. The Romans called the building the Flavian Amphitheatre."
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   "facts": [
    "Paved plazas ring the building, busy with people on their way in.",
    "Market stalls under canvas sell food and pots, and a cart piled with goods stands beside them.",
    "On the far side, more stalls line the wall, and a horse and cart is being unloaded."
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   "title": "The outer wall",
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   "dek": "Stone arches stacked level on level",
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   "facts": [
    "The outer wall is pale travertine stone, with arches and half-columns stacked level on level.",
    "Cut open, it's hollow: arched corridors on every floor, where people stroll and chat on their way to the seats.",
    "Iron clamps held the blocks together. Centuries later, people dug the iron out, leaving holes you can still see today."
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   "short": "Awning",
   "dek": "A giant canvas roof against the sun",
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   "facts": [
    "Up top is the velarium, a giant canvas awning that kept the sun off the crowd.",
    "Tall masts rise out of the stands, and ropes run from the canvas to a ring of wooden poles round the top of the wall.",
    "Sailors from the navy worked it, hauling on the ropes, because nobody knew ropes and canvas better."
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   "title": "The stands",
   "short": "Stands",
   "dek": "Seats for about 50,000 Romans",
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   "facts": [
    "The stands are packed tier above tier, with stairways and arched doorways leading in.",
    "The Colosseum held about 50,000 people, and the games were free to watch.",
    "Where you sat showed who you were: important people at the front, ordinary citizens in the middle, the poorest standing at the very top."
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   "facts": [
    "Above wide marble steps is the emperor's box, with a gold railing, red curtains and statues. The figure in purple is the emperor.",
    "Guards in red cloaks walk the steps below it.",
    "In 80 AD the emperor was Titus. He opened the Colosseum with 100 days of games."
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   "title": "The arena floor",
   "short": "Arena",
   "dek": "Gladiators fight on the sand",
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   "facts": [
    "Down on the sand, gladiators fight in pairs, and a hunter with a spear takes on a rearing bear.",
    "Fighters were matched to be different, like a net-and-trident man against one with a smooth helmet and a shield.",
    "Arena comes from harena, the Latin for sand. The sand soaked up the blood and was raked smooth between fights.",
    "Most gladiators were slaves or prisoners, trained in gladiator schools."
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   "n": 8,
   "title": "The beast hunt",
   "short": "Beast hunt",
   "dek": "Wild animals from across the empire",
   "sections": [
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   "facts": [
    "On the other side, palm trees and rocks are set out for a beast hunt.",
    "A lion, a lioness, a leopard, a bear, an elephant and two ostriches face hunters armed with spears.",
    "Animals were shipped in from all over the empire. At the opening games, some 9,000 were said to have been killed."
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   "n": 9,
   "title": "The hypogeum",
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   "dek": "A maze of cages under the floor",
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   "facts": [
    "Under the arena floor is the hypogeum, which just means underground.",
    "It's a maze of corridors and barred cages, where animals and fighters waited in the dark for their turn.",
    "The tall timber frames are lifts. Men turning winches hauled cages up to trapdoors, so animals burst onto the sand as if from nowhere."
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   "n": 10,
   "title": "The entrances",
   "short": "Entrances",
   "dek": "Queues for the numbered arches",
   "sections": [
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   "facts": [
    "Inside the right tower, people queue behind rope barriers on their way to their seats.",
    "The arches round the outside were numbered, and a token told you which one to use, so a huge crowd found its seats fast.",
    "Romans called the exits vomitoria, because they spewed the crowd out. Nobody was being sick in them."
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